Present on the ground in Afghanistan for nearly 30 years, humanitarian aid organisations increasingly find themselves targets. Symptomatic of a change in strategy on the part of the Taliban and its accomplices, these attacks raise questions on the continued presence of aid organisations, and more broadly on the international community’s involvement in Afghanistan. This article examines the impact of the deteriorating security situation on aid organisations and suggests the conditions necessary for NGOs’ continued intervention in the country. Finally, it shows that the attacks on these organisations have potentially disastrous consequences for the French forces operating there.