Recent works by Generals Rupert Smith and Vincent Desportes have highlighted the trend for military operations to move from the battlefield to stabilisation operations, or ‘war among the civilian population’. This is leading to major changes in the use of regular forces but little attention has been devoted thus far to the military reserves. The new circumstances nonetheless make their employment both necessary and more appropriate in long-term operations involving a wider range of activities and the civil population. The capabilities of the reserves offer a flexibility which has been little used so far in France, but which is particularly relevant at a time when a new White Paper is in gestation in a particularly difficult context.