The evolution of the nature of the conflicts which appeared during the last decade, combined with the will to create a Europe of Defence and armament, has led to profound changes within the Armies and the European civil and military aerospace industry. The new missions of the Armies require new means that have been defined in terms of capacities. The implementation of this approach implies, on the one hand, a European political will to achieve more coherence in procurement policies, budgets and calendars and on the other hand, a consolidation of the industrial tool which will render it more efficient and competitive, allowing it to respond, at least partially, to the budgetary imperatives.