France must base itself on its industry to boost its economy and tackle unemployment. Industry has been written off prematurely since the end of the 1980s; however, the modern concept of industry (which covers all aspects of the system of production) remains the essential lever of our prosperity. In a global economy polarised by the ruthless struggle between financial capitalism and the capitalism of knowledge, many countries have shown that it is possible to act. France and Europe must work to construct a veritable project of development through industry.